Previous years ago, there's a lot of computer architecture done by the people, scientist and students from different places in the world. the past computer architecture is a large architecture, which he use the entire room. this computer is big and clumsy. it is hard to handle a machine like this. Rich/ big companies who are only using this computer. it is high consumption in electricity due to its size and mechanism. there is a lot of failure in using this kind of machine and it is not reliable to the user.They were very expensive to operate the computer and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat which one causing a lot of malfunction.
It used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. A magnetic drum,also referred to as drum, is a metal cylinder coated with magnetic iron-oxide material on which data and programs can be stored. Magnetic drums were once use das a primary storage device but have since been implemented as auxiliary storage devices.
In the late 1950's to 1963 the next computer architectural uses the transistors, it was replace to the previous generation, the vacuum tube. According to the "www.techiwarehouse.com" Transistor is a device composed of semiconductor material that amplifies a signal or opens or closes a circuit. Invented in 1947 at Bell Labs, transistors have become the key ingredient of all digital circuits, including computers.The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 50s. The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube,allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper,more energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-generation predecessors.
The next computer architectural was using I.C or integrated circuit. so much better form the previous, because the size of this computer is smaller. so it is easy to handle and the computer is not generate a lot of heat. it is more efficient and more faster from from the previous. This type of architechture uses the "Chips", when we say chips - A chip is a small piece of semi conducting material(usually silicon) on which an integrated circuit is embedded.
" A typical chip is less than ¼-square inches and can contain millions of electronic components(transistors). Computers consist of many chips placed on electronic boards called printed circuit boards."
this architectural uses now the memory and most of all parts is having a semi-conductor. it is efficient for the user to use the computer. consumption of electricity is low, there is no large air condition to use it, if necessary.
Now in the present from 1970, the computer architecture is using microprocessor, it has a combinatorial circuits . computers running no with thousands integrated circuit. capacitor and etc.the architectural nowadays are completed, from motherboard t its function, it added by RAM, VideoCard, and other accessories like soundcard to produce good quality of audio. there a lot of processor being use by new generation computer, previous computer architecture cannot by network to other computer, but now, it can be network in on other computer, throught th world, how amazing!
There are 3 characterisitcs of microprocessor :
- Instruction Set: The set of instructions that the microprocessor can execute.
- Bandwidth: The number of bits processed in a single instruction.
- Clock Speed: Given in megahertz (MHz), the clock speed determines how many instructions per second the processor can execute.
